Seán Duffy, The Illustrated History of Ireland (Chicago: Contemporary Books, 2000), 160.

Cormac Ó Gráda, The Great Irish Famine (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989, 1995), 54.

Duffy, 160.

Duffy, 161

Ó Gráda, 62

R. F. Foster, Modern Ireland, 1600-1972 (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1989), 352.

last updated on November 5, 2004