ENDOCRINE REGULATION OF METABOLISM
Reading Assignment:
Hadley, pp. 98-100, 125, 237-273.
Shepherd, P.R., and Kahn, B.B. Glucose transporters and insulin action. N. Engl. J. Med.
341: 248-257, 1999.
Objectives:
After reviewing your lecture notes and reading assignment, you should be able to:
1. Describe the changes taking place in growth and metabolism over the human life
cycle.
Lecture -- 4/07
Text -- pp. 264-265
2. Explain how the pancreas functions as both an exocrine and an endocrine gland.
Lecture -- 4/07
Text -- pp. 212, 237-238
3. Identify the islets of Langerhans on a histological section.
Lecture -- 4/07
Text -- pp. 237-238
Figure -- 11.1
Islet of Langerhans (medium power)
4. Name four islet cell types and a hormone secreted by each cell type.
Lecture -- 4/07
Text -- pp. 237-239
Islet of Langerhans (medium power, arrowheads point to alpha cells)
Mechanism of insulin secretion
5. Discuss the molecular mechanisms of action of insulin and glucagon.
Lecture -- 4/09
Text -- pp. 243-247, 248-249
Shepherd paper
Insulin action on target cells
Insulin action on glucose transporters
6. Describe the feedback regulation of plasma glucose by insulin and glucagon.
Lecture -- 4/15
Text -- pp. 252-255, 264-267
Role of insulin in plasma glucose regulation
Role of glucagon in plasma glucose regulation
7. Differentiate between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus with respect to:
a. Age of onset.
b. Dependence on insulin.
c. Location of the defect.
d. Treatment.
Lecture -- 4/15
Text -- pp. 255-257, 259-261
Table -- 11.1
Islets of Langerhans in a normal mouse (left) and diabetic mouse (right)
8. Describe the effects of severe, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and compare them
to the effects of insulin overdose.
Lecture/Lab -- 4/15, 4/18, 4/26
Text -- pp. 257-259
9. Describe the long-term complications of diabetes mellitus.
Capillary basement membranes in diabetic (a) and nondiabetic subjects
10. Describe the role of each of the following hormones in the regulation of
carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism:
a. Insulin. Text -- pp. 239-240, 243; Figure -- 11.14
b. Glucagon. Text -- pg. 248; Figure -- 11.14
c. Epinephrine. Text -- pg. 330
d. Cortisol. Text -- pg. 351
e. Growth hormone. Text -- pp. 268-269
11. Describe the feedback regulation of growth hormone secretion.
Text -- pg. 125
Figure -- 12.5
12. Describe the mechanism of growth hormone action.
Text -- pp. 265-272
13. Describe the symptoms and treatment of each of the following disorders:
a. Dwarfism.
b. Gigantism.
c. Acromegaly.
Text -- pp. 98-100, 269-272
Figure -- 12.7
Pituitary dwarf and his twin sister
Robert Wadlow, the Alton giant
14. Describe the contributions made by the following scientists to the field of
endocrinology:
a. Joseph von Mering and Oskar Minkowski.
b. Frederick Banting and Charles Best.
c. J.J.R. Macleod.
d. J.B. Collip.
e. Frederick Sanger.
f. Solomon Berson and Rosalyn Yalow.
g. Dorothy Hodgkin.
Lecture -- 4/11, 4/13
Text -- pg. 237
Updated 4/02/08
