Scientific Notation

In Physics, as in all of Science, we encounter numbers that are incredibly small and others that are incredibly large. We can express this very wide range of numbers by using "Scientific Notation" or "Powers of Ten Notation". You are probably already familiar with this notation.

Any number can be written as a number between 1.00 and 9.99... multiplied by 10 raised to a power. Here are a few examples:

The distance from Los Angeles to New York is about

4 550 km = 4.55 x 10³ km

The distance from Earth to our moon is

384 000 000 m = 3.84 x 10⁸ m

or

384 000 km = 3.84 x 10⁵ km

The distance from Earth to our Sun is

150 000 000 km = 1.5 x 10⁸ km

The distance from our Sun to Pluto is

5 930 000 000 km = 5.93 x 10⁹ km

Very small numbers are written with negative exponents of ten since

0.001 = 10^-3

0.000 001 = 10^-6

0.000 000 001 = 10^-9

Here are two more examples:

The mass of a hydrogen atom is

1.673 x 10^-27 kg

The wavelength of yellow light is about

550 nm = 550 x 10^-9 m = 5.5 x 10^-7 m

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Some of these ideas are contained in the SI units and their prefixes.

milli- means one-thousandth or 0.001 or 10^-3

1 000 mm = 10³ mm = 1 m

1 mm = 10^-3 m = 0.001 m

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1 000 mg = 10³ mg = 1 g

1 mg = 10^-3 g = 0.001 g

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kilo- means a thousand times larger or 1 000 or 10³

1 000 g = 10³ g = 1 kg

1 g = 10^-3 kg = 0.001 kg

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1 000 m = 10³ m = 1 km

1 m = 10^-3 km = 0.001 km

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micro- means one-millionth or 0.000 001 or 10^-6

1 000 000 µm = 10⁶ µm = 1 m

1 µm = 10^-6 m = 0.000 001 m

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nano- means one-billionth or 0.000 000 001 or 10^-9

1 000 000 000 nm = 10⁹ nm = 1 m

1 nm = 10^-9 m = 0.000 000 001 m

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Significant Figures			Ch2, 1D Motion
Return to Table of Contents, Ch 1 Introduction

(c) 2005, Doug Davis; all rights reserved