Enter all your answers in the "scantron sheet" or the "bubble sheet". Turn in only that sheet. Anything you write on this exam will not be seen or used or considered or graded. Be sure your name is on the "bubble sheet" you hand in. Be sure your name is bubbled-in. Be sure your answers are recorded correctly. Be sure the version (A or B) of this test is entered on the "bubble sheet".
Possibly useful information:
v =
x /
a =
v = vi + a t
v = r
F = ma
w = m g
g = 9.8 m/s2 => 10 m/s2
(that is, use the approximation that g = 10 m/s 2 )
p = m v
Ptot,i = Ptot,f
P =
KE = (1/2) m v2
PEg = m g h
F = &endash; k x or Fext = k x
I =
m r 2
rot force = (moment arm) (force)
rot force = (rot mass) (ang accel)
ac = v 2 / r
Fg = G M m / r 2
T 2 / R 3 = constant
Next week we begin our study of Oscillations, Waves, Sound, Light, and Optics. Some of the material is in Paul Hewitt's Conceptual Physics but the classroom material and homework questions will be based on a different text, Adventures in Physics. In the syllabus, I told you that Adventures in Physics would be available in the Union Bookstore. To save you about $3.00, we are having Adventures printed by the University Print Center. We expect to have the Adventures textbook available, in this classroom, next week. The cost will be about $7.25.
To obtain your copy of Adventures, be sure to fill out the "Request and Charge Form" when you turn in your answer sheet if you did not do this on Tuesday.
For every question, also consider as a possible answer
E) none of the above
1. Which of the following has the largest momentum relative to Earth?
A) a tightrope walker crossing Niagara Falls.
B) a pickup truck speeding along a highway.
momentum = mass x velocity
The pickup has both more mass and a greater speed than the tightrope walker.
While the Mack truck and the Science building each have greater mass than the pickup, their velocity is zero.
C) a Mack truck sitting in the parking lot.
D) the Science building on campus.
2. A moving object on which no forces are acting will continue to move with constant
A) non-zero acceleration
B) impulse
C) momentum
momentum = mass x velocity
Newton's First Law of Motion, the Law of Inertia, is usually stated something like "a moving object on which no forces act will continue to move with constant velocity" and constant velocity requires constant momentum.
D) all of these
3. Impulse is equal to
A) kinetic energy
B) momentum
C) change in momentum
impulse = F
D) change in force
4. Conservation of momentum is directly related to
A) Newton's First Law of Motion
B) Newton's Second Law of Motion
C) Newton's Third Law of Motion
F12 = - F21
F12
( p1 + p2 ) = constant
D) International shortages of momentum :-)
5. A rifle recoils from firing a bullet. The speed of the rifle's recoil is small because the
A) force against the rifle is smaller than against the bullet.
B) momentum is mainly concentrated in the bullet.
C) rifle has more mass than the bullet.
p1 = - p2
m1 v1 = - m2 v2
D) momentum of the rifle is smaller.
6. Two objects, A and B, have the same size and shape, but A is twice as heavy as B. When they are dropped simultaneously from a tower, they reach the ground at the same time, but A has a greater
A) speed
B) acceleration
C) momentum
If they reach the ground at the same time, we know they have the same speed (or velocity) so the one with the greater mass or weight must also have more momentum. They fall with the same acceleration
D) all of the above
7. A car traveling along the highway needs a certain amount of force exerted on it to stop. More stopping force may be required when the car has
A) more mass
B) more momentum
C) less stopping distance
D) all of the above
8. A 4 kg ball has a momentum of 12 kg m/s. What is the ball's speed?
A) 3 m/s
momentum = mass x velocity
12 kg-m/s = (4 kg) x (3 m/s)
B) 4 m/s
C) 12 m/s
D) 48 m/s
9. A ball is moving at 4 m/s and has a momentum of 48 kg m/s. What is the ball's mass?
A) 4 kg
B) 8 kg
C) 12 kg
momentum = mass x velocity
48 kg-m/s = (12 kg) x (4 m/s)
D) 192 kg
10. Consider pushing two objects:
If you push object one twice as far as object two while applying the same force you do
A) half as much work as you do to object two
B) the same amount of work as you do to object two
C) twice as much work as you do to object two
W = F s
W = F s
D) four times as much work as you do to object two
11. Consider pushing two objects:
If you push object one just as far as object two but apply twice the force to object one, you do
A) half as much work as you do to object two
B) the same amount of work as you do to object two
C) twice as much work as you do to object two
W = F s
W = F s
D) four times as much work as you do to object two
12. Exert 1 N for a distance of 1 m in 1 s and you deliver a power of
A) 0.5 W
B) 1.0 W
Power is the rate at which work is done
P =
P = [(1 N) ( 1 m)] / (1 s)
P = 1 J / 1 s
P = 1 W
C) 2.0 W
D) 3.0 W
13. Exert 100 J in 50 s and your power output is
A) 0.5 W
B) 1.0 W
C) 2.0 W
Power is the rate at which work is done
P =
P = 100 J / 50 s
P = 2 W
D) 4.0 W
14. An object is raised above the ground gaining a certain amount of potential energy. If the same object is raised twice as high it gains
A) half as much energy
B) the same amount of energy
C) twice as much energy
PE = m g h
D) four times as much energy
15. An object that has kinetic energy must be
A) elevated
B) falling
C) moving
KE = (1/2) m v2
D) at rest
16. An object that has potential energy may have this energy because of its
A) speed
B) acceleration
C) momentum
D) position
17. A person can lift containers a vertical distance of 1 meter or can roll them up a 2 meter-long ramp to the same elevation. With the ramp, the applied force required is about
A) one-fourth as much
B) half as much
Wramp = Wlift
Framp x 1 m = Flift x 2m
Framp = (1/2) Flift
C) the same
D) twice as much
18. When a car is braked to a stop, its kinetic energy is transformed to
A) energy of motion
B) heat energy
C) stopping energy
D) potential energy
19. For which positiondoes the ball on the end of the string have the greatest gravitational potential energy?
A) PE = m g h
The height is greatest at position A.
20. For which position above does the ball on the end of the string have the greatest kinetic energy?
D) KE = (1/2) m v2
ETot = PE + KE
KE = maximum when PE = minimum
PE = minimum at D
Therefore, KE = maximum at D
21. Which requires more work: lifting a 5 kg sack vertically 2 meters or lifting a 10 kg sack vertically 4 meters?
A) lifting the 5 kg sack
B) both require the same amount of work
C) lifting the 10 kg sack
W = m g h
W5 = (5 kg) ( 10 m/s2) ( 2 m) = 100 J
W10 = (10 kg) (10 m/s2) (4 m) = 400 J
D) both require the same amount of force
22. A 10 kg sack is lifted 2 meters in the same time as a 5 kg sack is lifted 4 meters. The power expended in raising the 10 kg sack compared to the power used to lift the 5 kg sack is
A) half as much
B) the same
P = W / t
P = m g h / t
P5 = (10 kg) (10 m/s2) (2 m) / t = 200 J / t
P10 = (5 kg) (10 m/s2) (4 m) / t = 200 J / t
C) twice as much
D) four times as much
23. A 2 kg mass is held 4 m above the ground. What is the approximate potential energy of the mass with respect to the ground?
A) 8 J
B) 40 J
C) 80 J
PE = m g h
PE = (2 kg) (10 m/s2) (4 m)
PE = 80 J
D) 160 J
24. A 2 kg mass has 40 J of potential energy with respect to the ground. Approximately how far is it located above the ground?
A) 1 m
B) 2 m
PE = m g h
PE = (2 kg) (10 m/s2) (2 m)
PE = 40 J
C) 3 m
D) 4 m
25. Using 1,000 J of work, a model elevator is raised from the ground floor to the second floor in 20 seconds. How much power does the elevator use?
A) 50 W
P = W / t
P = 1,000 J / 20 s
P = 50 J / s
P = 50 W
B) 500 W
C) 2 kW
D) 20 kW
26. A car moves 4 times as fast as another identical car. Compared to the slower car, the faster car has
A) the same kinetic energy
B) 4 times the kinetic energy
C) 8 times the kinetic energy
D) 16 times the kinetic energy
KE = (1/2) m v2
If v is 4 times greater then v2 is 42 = 16 times greater.
27. A car moving at 50 km/hr skids 20 m with locked brakes. How far will the car skid with locked brakes if it is traveling at 150 km/hr?
A) 40 m
B) 60 m
C) 90 m
D) 180 m
W = F s =
Increasing the speed by a factor of three means KE has increased by a factor of nine.
The brakes only exert so much force as they skid; the force is constant.
The stopping distance must increase by a factor of nine.
This was also a homework problem, Pb 6.1 .
28. When a rifle is fired it recoils so both the bullet and rifle are set in motion. The rifle and bullet ideally acquire equal but opposite amounts of
A) kinetic energy
B) momentum
Momentum is always conserved
C) potential energy
D) all of the above
29. What does an object have when moving that it doesn`t have when at rest?
A) momentum
At rest, an object's momentum must be zero.
But an object can have potential energy while it is at rest.
And an object certainly has mass while it is at rest.
B) energy
C) mass
D) all of the above
30. If an object has kinetic energy, then it also must have
A) momentum
B) velocity
C) speed
D) all of the above
If it has KE, it has velocity and that means it also has momentum and speed.
31. According to Kepler's laws, the paths of planets about the Sun are
A) straight lines
B) parabolas
C) ellipses
D) hyperbolas
32. According to Newton, the greater the masses of interacting objects, the
A) greater the force of gravity, by the product of the masses
F = G M m / d2
B) less the force of gravity, inversely as the cube of the masses
C) greater the force of gravity, by the square of the masses
D) less the force of gravity, inversely as the square of the masses
33. According to Newton, the greater the distance between masses of interacting objects, the
A) greater the force of gravity, proportional to the distance
B) less the force of gravity, inversely as the distance
C) greater the force of gravity, proportional to the square of the distance
D) less the force of gravity, inversely as the square of the distance
F = G M m / d2
34. What is the force of gravity on a 500-newton woman standing on the earth's surface?
A) 9.8 N
B) 50 N
C) 500 N
D) 5,000 N
35. If the mass of the earth somehow decreased with no change in radius, your weight would
A) increase
B) decrease
F = G M m / d2
Making M smaller means the force (your weight) is also smaller.
[ Ooops! As you know from class, the key was initially wrong for this answer. I changed the key and had all the answer sheets rescored. The new scores are now posted outside my office. Strangely(?) the average score was unaffected?!?!? ]
C) stay the same
36. If the radius of Earth somehow increased with no change in mass, your weight would
A) increase
B) decrease
F = G M m / d2
Making d larger means the force (your weight) is smaller.
C) stay the same
37. If Earth's mass decreased to one-half its original mass with no change in radius, then your weight would
A) decrease to one-quarter its original value
B) decrease to one-half its original value
F = G M m / d2
Decreasing M to one-half its value means F, the force of gravity or your weight, will also decrease to one-half its original value.
C) remain the same
D) increase to twice its original value
38. The force of gravity acting on the Space Shuttle in orbit is nearly
A) zero
B) equal to the weight of the Space Shuttle at Earth's surface
F = G M m / d2
In a low-Earth orbit, the Space Shuttle's distance from the center of Earth is nearly the same as it was at Earth's surface.
C) about one-tenth its weight at Earth's surface
D) about one-one hundredth its weight at Earth's surface
39. A woman who normally weighs 400 N stands on top of a very tall ladder so she is one earth radius above the earth's surface. How much would she weigh there?
A) zero
B) 100 N
F = G M m / d2
If d is made twice as large, then d2 will be four times as large. Since we are dividing by d2, this means the Force -- her weight -- will be only one-fourth as much.
C) 200 N
D) 400 N
40. The force of gravity acts on all apples on an apple tree. Some apples are twice as far from the ground as others. These twice- as-high apples, for the same mass, have practically
A) one-fourth the weight
B) one-half the weight
C) the same weight
F = G M m / d2
Being twice as far above the ground has hardly any effect on d, the distance from the center of Earth to the apple.
D) twice the weight
41. The planet Jupiter is about 300 times as massive as Earth, yet on its surface you would weigh only about 3 times as much. This is because
A) your mass is 100 times less on Jupiter.
B) Jupiter is significantly farther from the sun.
C) Jupiter's radius is 10 times Earth's radius.
D) you are 100 times more weightless there.
42. Horses that move with the fastest linear speed on a merry-go-round are located
A) nearer to the center
B) nearer to the edge
C) always white
D) in front of the slower ones
43. An industrial flywheel has a greater rotational inertia when most of its mass is
A) nearer the axis
B) nearer the rim
C) spread out evenly
44. A cylinder and a ring roll down an incline starting at the same time. The one to reach the bottom first will be the
A) cylinder
The rotational mass of the ring -- with all its mass at the edge -- is I = M R2.
The rotational mass of the solid disk or cylinder -- with its mass distributed throughout the cylinder or disk -- is I = (1/2) M R2.
That is, the cylinder has a smaller rotational mass. That means it -- the cylinder -- will win; it will roll down the inclined plane faster and reach the bottom first.
B) ring
C) neither; they both reach the bottom at the same time
45. Put a pipe over the end of a wrench when trying to turn a stubborn nut on a bolt, to effectively make the wrench handle twice as long, you'll increase the torque by
A) two
torque = rotational force = force x lever arm
If we make the lever arm twice as great, we increase the torque by two.
B) four
C) eight
D) sixteen
46. When a twirling ice skater (or dizzy Physics professor) brings her (or his) arms inward, her (or his) rotational speed
A) increases
angular momentum = constant
angular momentum = angular momentum
(rotational mass) x (rotational speed) =
= (rotational mass) x (rotational speed)
B) decreases
C) remains the same (or is conserved)
47. To pry open the top of a can of pain, it is best to use a screwdriver that has a handle that is
A) long and thin
It doesn't really need to be thin, but it does need to be long.
B) thick or wide
C) short and stubby
D) slippery
48. A 1-kg rock is suspended from the tip of a meter stick at the 0- cm mark so that the meter stick balances like a see-saw when the fulcrum is at the 25-cm mark. From this information, what is the mass of the meter stick?
A) 0.25 kg
B) 0.50 kg
C) 1.00 kg
A diagram helps here; see the homework, Pb 7.1 .
D) 2.00 kg
49. A car travels in a circle with constant speed. The net force on the car is
A) directed forward, in the direction of travel.
B) directed towards the center of the curve.
This net force is called the "centripetal force".
C) zero because the car is not accelerating.
D) directed backward, because of friction
50. One end of a long uniform log is raised to shoulder level. Another identical log is raised at its center to the same level. Raising the second log requires about
A) half as much work
B) the same work
C) twice as much work
Lifting the end of the log to shoulder height only lifts the center of mass to half that height. Lifting the center of the second log to shoulder height lifts the center of mass to full shoulder height so twice the work is required.
D) four times as much work
